Essay about Anne Hutchinson Biography - 2516 Words

The reason I picked this topic is because I admire Anne Hutchinson and the history of her life and I strongly believe in the rights of the individual to freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and the freedom to worship. She is a real hero because she faced adversity but she refused to betray her ideals or ethics no matter what the cost was. Anne Hutchinson, was born Anne Marbury, in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, in July, 1591, the daughter of Bridget Dryden and Francis Marbury, a deacon at Christ Church, Cambridge. She was the second of 13 children. For years everyone in England had been Catholic. Then, almost 100 years before Anne was born, King Henry VIII of England, the leader at the time, left the Catholic Church. He†¦show more content†¦Because her father was an educated man, he was able to give Anne a better education than most young English girls received. Anne developed an interest in religion and theology at a very young age. She found there were as many new questions about faith as there seemed to be answers. She had grown to admire her fathers ideals and assertiveness, and wasnt afraid of questioning the principles of faith and the authority of the Church, as is usually the case with anyone who has had the benefit of a good education. At the age of 21, Anne married Will Hutchinson, and settled down in Alford, where she took on the role of housewife and mother, while retaining a vivid interest in theology and the Church. She and her family followed the sermons of John Cotton, a young Protestant minister whose teachings echoed those of her fathers, but were now more commonly accepted under the increasingly popular banner of Puritanism. As much as Annes father had been criticized and condemned for his views, many Protestants had grown increasingly concerned with the level of corruption within the CatholicShow MoreRelatedAnne Hutchinson Biography2556 Words   |  11 PagesThe reason I picked this topic is because I admire Anne Hutchinson and the history of her life and I strongly believe in the rights of the individual to freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and the freedom to worship. She is a real hero because she faced adversity but she refused to betray her ideals or ethics no matter what the cost was. Anne Hutchinson, was born Anne Marbury, in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, in July, 1591, the daughter of Bridget Dryden and Francis MarburyRead MoreEssay Biography of Anne Hutchinson3752 Words   |  16 Pages Anne Hutchinson has long been seen as a strong religious dissenter who paved the way for religious freedom in the strictly Puritan environment of New England. Another interpretation of the controversy surrounding Anne Hutchinson asserts that she was simply a loving wife and mother whose charisma and personal ideas were misconstrued to be a radical religious movement. Since this alleged religious movement was led by a woman, it was quickly dealt with by the Puritan fathers as a real threat. WhateverRead MoreThe Silencing of Mary Dyer778 Words   |  3 Pagesimmigrated to Massachusetts. After William became a fee man of the Bay colony, he became involved with a lot of public relations and soon had a lot of importance among the people. (Notable Women Ancestors) Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer were friends. Mary and her husband supported Anne in the antinomian controversy, which was â€Å"One of the most enduring myths in American history is the belief that the Puritans fled to America in search of religious liberty. Unfortunately, this belief is atRead MoreThe Importance Of Computers In Education874 Words   |  4 Pagesand focus skills by having the class work in their mixed ability groups to identify colonies and Native American nations on a map and finding the main idea and supporting details for a paragraph about Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson. We will read the biography of Anne Hutchinson (p.185) and have whole class discussion. As we read the Life in New England section, I will make a two-column chart for students to Think-Pair-Share with a partner about. I will end class with a quick review, hand out aRead MoreEssay on American Colonization1660 Words   |  7 Pagesposition was not at all Protestant, the resultant schism ultimately led to England distancing itself almost entirely from Rome. Many people moved out of their comfortable homes in England to start a new life in the New World with religious freedom. Anne Hutchnison left her comfortable home in England, with her husband and children, to settle in Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony in search for religious freedom for all peoples. However, Religious toleration was still limited and controlled by theRead MoreAn Analysis of Anne Bradstreets The Prologue Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Bradstreets poem, The Prologue, portrays the struggles of being a woman in a Puritan society. She realized that in a Puritan society, women were not meant to speak their mind and have strong opinions. With this poem she acknowledges her role as a woman in society even if she doesnt agree with it. Anne Bradstreet shows her recognition of mens supposed superiority in that time period with this line: Men can do best, and women know it well (40). Regardless of her acknowledgment of herRead More Anne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesAnne Bradstreet as First American Feminist Feminism today remains prominent because even while women’s rights are very strong, women are still fighting for equality every day. In the time of Anne Bradstreet, women had few rights and they were seen as inferior to men. Anne lived among the puritans whom ruled her everyday life. Although it was against the puritan code for women to receive an education, Bradstreet’s father, Thomas Dudley, loved his daughter dearly and made sure that she wasRead MoreJudy Chicago Dinner Party Essay6539 Words   |  27 PagesMarcella, the fourth-century Roman founder of numerous convents, and ends with the Flemish intellectual Anna van Schurman. In between are Saint Bridget, Theodora, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Christine de Pisan, and Queen Elizabeth I, among others. Anne Hutchinson opens the third wing, which brings womens history up to the present with the last place setting, symbolizing Georgia OKeeffe, the only then living woman represented at the table. In contrast to those of the first wing, most of the women of theRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesAmerican colonists seeking foreign markets for their exports? (10pts) 4. Write your definition of democracy. The use this definition to create a T-chart to analyze the validity of democracy developing in colonial America Pocahontas Anne Hutchinson Benjamin Franklin Royal veto John Rolfe Roger Williams George Whitefield Lord Baltimore William Bradford John Peter Zenger Virtual representation Walter Raleigh John Winthrop Paxton boys James Oglethorpe Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesto ideas that are developed within the chapter. The chapter so far These are provided at key points in the chapter. They provide the reader with a summary of the issues that have been covered in the chapter and a link with the next part. Biography These are designed to provide a brief intellectual history of key figures in organization theory. They provide an indication of the ways in which different theorists . xvi Preface developed their understanding of organization and social

Definition Essay Leadership - 597 Words

Domenick Caruso November 14th 2010 Personal Essay What is Leadership? Leadership is defined as the position of a leader, the ability to lead. I assure you it is much more then that. Being a leader is not easy, I have learned from personal experience. Being a captain of a football team is hard work. It takes guts to stand up and be a leader. Leadership is respect. Respect by others. You cant force people to respect you; youve got to earn it. A good leader earns respect from his, or her, peers. They know he is their leader and when he tells them to do something, they do it, and they respect his position. A captain deserves respect from his teammates. The respect your team has for you helps drive your team to do their†¦show more content†¦When he yells, he strikes fear into his comrades. Along with leading by example, a captain should be able to speak up. When a teammate is harming the team he should speak up and let them know to stop what they are doing or to leave. A leader shouldn’t be quite and expect people to listen and follow them, he needs to speak up and take action. Finally, Leadership is work. A leader works harder than anyone else and they know they need to do so. A captain knows that he has to push himself to work above everyone else. He should run faster, hit harder, and block better than anyone else on the team. If a captain works harder than anyone else, then everything comes together. He earns respect; he takes responsibility, and leads by example. Believe me, being a leader is not an easy job. If you can accomplish all these things then you can be a true leader. From my own experience, being a captain is not easy. Even I struggle with these qualities. The pressure of being a leader of is overwhelming, and takes hard work to accomplish. â€Å"Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile,† by VinceShow MoreRelatedEssay on Leadership Definition1889 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Definition There are lots of definitions and interpretations for the term LEADERSHIP. One is â€Å"A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people† (Mullins, L.J. 2002, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, FT Publishing, p904). 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These questions, along with many other, have been the topic of debate for centuries. Defining leadership in hard terms can be a challenging thing. In one hand, soldiers in the Army, for instance, can recite the definition of a leadership that came out of a publication. On the contrary, most soldiers will struggle to define what leadership means to themRead MoreANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP1517 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP The objective of this essay is to analyze the relationship between strategic management and leadership in an organization, to discuss its link as well as the impact and how leadership styles are adapted specifically in HM (Hennes and Mauritz). 1.1.1 The link between Management and Leadership Strategic management and good leadership play an important role in meeting the organization’s objective. 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It is through these rules that they can impact change in their associations (Cooper, 2011) Additionally, previous scholars (Bedeian and Hunt 2006) likewise close by belligerence for the presumption that initiative isRead MoreCompare and Contrast Any Two Theories of Leadership Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesand contrast any two theories of leadership In the following essay I will look at leadership, its definition and compare and contrast two theories behind it. I will firstly see if there is a distinction between leadership and management as suggested by John Kotter(1990) who goes on further to stress that organisations require both a leader and a manager but the function can be provided by a single individual. I will then look at some definitions of leadership such as that by Bryman(1999), â€Å"TheRead MoreLeadership Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP ESSAY Leadership Essay Sharon Golston Grand Canyon University Theories of Leadership CHL-520 P Clifford Eason December 12, 2011 Leadership Essay Thousands of definitions have been written to identify characteristics that effective leaders should possess; however it is impossible for leaders to be effective if they are unable to understand that true leaders are called by Christ, are servants to Christ, and must seek the vision of Christ. Through Christ, leaders recognizeRead MorePositive And Negative Impact On Women s Economic Framework1622 Words   |  7 Pageslack of complete democracy in institutions such as the judiciary, military, police and central bank, women are left fighting hard for equal integration and acceptance into leadership roles. 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Sales Perspectives on Branding

Question: Discuss about the case study Sales for Perspectives on Branding. Answer: Problem statement: Branding is a vital issue in every organization. Without an appropriate branding of products or services of the organization, it will be difficult to operate the business and to make profits. Here, the researcher has undertaken the problems of branding in sales regarding customers satisfaction (Miletsky and Smith, 2009). As customer satisfaction is the most important factor for the evaluation of products quality as well as the relationship with customers or loyalty to customers. Research Aim: To find out the importance of customers satisfaction, that is actually the base of branding. To find out in what extent branding has encourages the customer regarding purchase decisions. To find out in what extent brand increases the profitability in the firm. Research Objective: The main objective of this research is to analyze the impact of branding on sales regarding customers satisfaction and profitability of the firm. With the help of research methodology and data collection regarding branding, the analysis will be more specific. The research will also highlight the various essential customer substances to improve customers satisfaction. Research Methodology The methodology is a term which means a planning or framing strategy in order to conduct a research. This strategy will help in solving issues as well as a solution to every specific problem regarding above- mentioned topic (Miletsky and Smith, 2009). It includes the study of selected methodology, data collection and sample sizes etc. Methodology mainly have has two types of method, Qualitative method and Quantitative method. Quantitative method is a primary type of data which helps in examine by various ways like surveys, interviews etc., whereas qualitative method is a secondary type of data which helps to collect data based on the understanding of the quantitative data or primary data. In this paper, the researcher can use qualitative data or primary data to analyzing the aims and objectives regarding above mentioned topic. Research Design Research design explains the nature of the study by considering it as an achievement plan. There are mainly three types of research in order to conduct the study such as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. In exploratory research, the researcher can create theories and basic data in order to get support for determining the issues as well as for the difficulties that cannot be observed appropriately (Miletsky and Smith, 2009). Hence, for analyzing and solving the related topic issues the researcher can implement this method of research. Data collection There are mainly two types of data collection in order to research the issues, which are Primary data collection and Secondary data collection. It is a two different ways of collecting data. Primary Data collection Primary data collections are those data that are conducted by quantitative research method (Timm, 2002). Primary data is utilized based on the collection of secondary data. In primary data collection, questionnaire for the surveys regarding customer service sector are framed in a proper way. Secondary Data collection Secondary data collections are those that are used on the basis of primary data. This kind of data collected information through the journal, newspaper etc. Primary Source of data The primary sources of data are collected from the questions papers that are created for surveys as well as based on the collected interviews answers. It includes eye witness reports of events. So in this paper, the researcher is utilizing primary data collection in order to solve the issues that are effecting branding on sales regarding customers satisfaction (Timm, 2002). Satisfaction and loyalty to the consumers would help in profitability as well as in developing organizations. Reference Miletsky, J. and Smith, G. (2009).Perspectives on branding. Boston, Mass.: Course Learning. Timm, P. (2002).50 powerful ideas you can use to keep your customers. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.

The Withch

The Withch-hunt In Modern Europe Essay THE WITCH-HUNT IN MODERN EUROPE By: Brian Levack The Witch-Hunt in Modern Europe by Brian Levack proved to be an interesting as well as insightful look at the intriguing world of the European practice of witchcraft and witch-hunts. The book offers a solid, reasonable interpretation of the accusation, prosecution, and execution for witchcraft in Europe between 1450 and 1750. Levack focuses mainly on the circumstances from which the witch-hunts emerged, as this report will examine. The causes of witch-hunting have been sometimes in publications portrayed differently from reality. The hunts were not prisoner escapee type hunts but rather a hunt that involved the identification of individuals who were believed to be engaged in a secret activity. Sometimes professional witch-hunters carried on the task, but judicial authorities performed most. The cause of most of these hunts is the multi-causal approach, which sees the emergence of new ideas about the witches and changes in the criminal law statutes. Both point to major religious changes and a lot of social tension among society. The intellectual foundations of the hunts were attributed to the witchs face-to-face pact with the devil and the periodic meetings of witches to engage in practices considered to be barbaric and heinous. The cumulative concept of witchcraft pointed immediately to the devil, the source of the magic and the one most witches adored. There was strong belief then that witches made pacts with the devil. Some would barter their soul to the devil in exchange for a gift or a taste of well being. Many believed that these witches observed a nocturnal Sabbath where they worshipped the devil and paid their homage to him. They were also accused of being an organization known for its cannibalistic practices of infanticide incest. Another component of this cumulative concept was the belief of the flight of witches. The belief for this was contributed to by the assumption that witches took flight from thei r homes to goto nocturnal meetings without their absence from home being detected. The belief in flying night witches was shared by many cultures in the modern world. These women were referred to as strigae, which was one of the many Latin terms for witches. As the reader first opens the legal foundations of witch-hunting, one finds that historically it was a judicial process from discovery to elimination. Levack states that before the thirteenth century European courts used a system of criminal procedure that made all crimes difficult to prosecute. This system was known as the accusatorial system and existed predominantly in northwestern Europe. When the thirteenth century came into being, a new technique, which gave more human judgement in the criminal process, was adopted in Western Europe secular courts. This new court was known as inquisitorial courts. The only difference between the new system and the old when suits were begun by accusation was that the accuser was no longer r esponsible for the actual prosecution of the case (pg. 72). The new procedures were not in reality an improvement due to the fact that the standards of proof according to inquisitorial procedure were very demanding. Since the adoption of inquisitorial procedure represented a shift from reliance upon mans rational judgement, jurists agreed that it was absolutely necessary for judges to have conclusive proof of guilt before passing sentence (pg. 79). They relied on Roman law and based their conclusions on two eyewitnesses and the confession of the accused. The development of full judicial power given to the state in the prosecution of a crime was a major event. From the early times, the secular courts in Europe had taken part in the witch-hunts, and now as the hunt developed further along, the secular courts grew an even greater role in the process. This caused a decline in ecclesiastical court participation due to the fact that governments defined witchcraft as a secular crime, and t he temporal courts of some countries had a monopoly on the prosecution. The prosecution of magic was a mixed jurisdiction taken on by both courts but when convicted the guilty were executed under secular law. Since secular courts had jurisdiction over magic and maleficium they primarily assumed the significant role in prosecuting witches. As the hunt gathered steam in the sixteenth century, the developments resulted in a reduction of clerical jurisdiction and an increase in the amount of secular concern with it. The main reason was the defining of witchcraft as a secular crime. All of these factors led to a large-scale witch-hunts in Scotland but in some countries the retention of ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the crime led to a decline in the number of prosecutions. Local court decisions during this time also played a role in the conviction of witches. They had the ability to perform with a certain amount of independence from higher political and judicial control. There are two main reasons why local courts proved to be less lenient than central courts in the prosecutions of witchcraft (pg. 93). The first is that local authorities that presided over witch trials were far more likely than their central superiors to develop an intense and immediate fear of witchcraft (pg. 93). The second is that central judges were generally more committed to the proper operation of the judicial system and more willing therefore to afford accused witches whatever procedural safeguards the law might allow them (pg. 94). The decentralization of judicial life had lasting effects in countries like Germany, where no effective control by central authority led to increased hunts and more torturous executions. The formation of the cumulative concept of witchcraft and all the legal precedents introduced made the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth century witch-hunts possible. To look at the understanding of the hunt one must examine the religious, social, and economic conditions t hat began in modern Europe. During the time of the Reformation, the Europeans increased their awareness of satin and started to wage a larger war against him. A second effect of the Reformation on witchcraft arose from the emphasis that both Protestant and Catholic reformers placed on personal piety and sanctity (pg. 106). The Christianization of Europe also added to this war against the devil by eradication superstitious beliefs, eliminating paganism and suppressing magic. Witch-hunting was the most frequent in countries where large minorities adhered to different religions. Witch-hunting was the most intense in Germany, Switzerland, France, Poland, and Scotland (pg. 114). The effects of the Protestant and Catholic Reformation did have an effect on witch-hunts; they laid the foundation for their decline. There were various types of hunts that took place during European witch-hunt times. The main feature of the small hunt is that the search for malefactors is limited to the individu als who were originally accused (172). The main characteristic of a medium style hunt was that it included five to ten victims. The final type of hunt was the large hunt where tens to hundreds of witches were hunted and panic and hysteria were rampant everywhere. The end of the witch-hunts was usually an abrupt procedure. The small hunts for example were isolated prosecutions that ended when the accused were either executed or given an acquittal. Most of the time the end of a hunt lasted for many years, and up to generations. The explanations for the geographical unevenness in the hunts cannot be simply put. According to Levack, there were four separate but related factors. The first was the nature of witch beliefs in a particular region and the strength in which they were held (231). The disparity can be seen for example in countries like England, the Scandinavian countries, and Spain where the prosecutions included a number of individual trials for maleficium and some for Devil-wo rship. The second factor is determining the relative intensity of hunts was the criminal procedure used. Not all countries used the inquisitorial procedure and torture method. The third determinant was the extent to which the central judicial authority had control on the trials. Central control did not always prevail, since some rulers wanted to completely exterminate witchcraft. The final factor is the degree of religious zeal manifested by the people of a region (232). This was most evident in large hunts and countries known for their large numerous executions and not known for their Christianity. The decline in witchcraft can be attributed to a multitude of factors. There were three main judicial and legal developments that contributed to the decline of witchcraft: the demand for conclusive evidence regarding maleficium and the pact, the adoption of stricter rules regarding the use of torture, the promulgation of decrees either restricting or eliminating prosecutions for witchcra ft (236). The mental outlook was also changing at the time as judges and princes set out to create new rules for torture and restricting witchcraft. The most important religious factor in this decline was the change of the religious climate that occurred in the late seventeenth century. The socioeconomic changes could be felt in a general improvement of living conditions that reduced some of the local village tensions that lay at the basis of witchcraft prosecutions. Witches no longer posed the threat that they once did. The economic and social chaos of this century and the political and religious instability caused anxiety that led to witches becoming a scapegoat for the general ills of society during their rapid time of change. Witchcraft had become somewhat of a hobby! In conclusion, Levack gives the reader a full understanding of witchcraft during this time and the historical insight and vivid description adds to the livelihood of the period. Levacks insight gives the consistenc y that witch-hunts were sparked by diverse and complex causes, which he supports in his book. According to a book review by Elizabeth Furdell, Levack uses many sources to provide national examinations of the witchcraze. An example of this Levacks conclusion that while German communities exhibited frenzied paranoia directed at witches, England did only a little witch-hunting. He uses reliable and multiple reasons to prove his thesis. The book offers a solid, reasonable interpretation of the accusations, prosecutions, and execution of thousands of witches in Europe, and Levack leaves the reader wondering if he the individual if he/she had lived during this period would have been hunting witches or hunting fox?Category: Book Reports .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .postImageUrl , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:hover , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:visited , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:active { border:0!important; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:active , .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3497880fa484397cdbbc72c9807c45f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abortion - Pro-Choice Views Essay We will write a custom essay on The Withch-hunt In Modern Europe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The effects of making employee salaries public

The effects of making employee salaries public We’re living in a rapidly evolving world where almost everything is done online and the very notion of privacy seems to be evaporating. Most of us are growing increasingly more comfortable having our lives made public through a variety of social networks. This new open and public approach to sharing information is affecting companies as well. How so? Many companies are embracing the notion of complete public transparency and disclosure in ways they never have before. Everything is potentially on the table for being made public, including employee salaries- something that up until recently has long been held in the strictest of confidence. Let’s dig deeper into this concept of employee pay transparency, and how it’s affecting the status quo.The idea behind making employee salaries public is an arguably noble one- more and more companies are seeking to embrace the philosophy that being open and honest with their employees about all things is an effective way to for ge more progressive, sincere, and honest employee/employer relationships. It can also help address some unfortunate inequities in compensation that women and minority groups sometimes face, an issue that gets inadequate attention, especially when salary information is kept hidden.The Wall Street Journal published an article on the good, the bad, and the downright awkward aspects of companies adopting an open salary policy. According to the article, â€Å"The idea of open pay is to get pay and performance problems out on the table for discussion, eliminate salary inequalities, and spark better performance†¦ But open pay also is sparking some awkward conversations between co-workers comparing their paychecks, and puncturing egos among those whose salaries don’t sync with their self-image.†The truth is, as employees we can make a direct correlation between our pay and how our employers perceive and value our contributions, so having this information helps take the gu esswork out of knowing where we stand- both as individuals and in comparison with our colleagues.So, despite its good intentions, when salaries are revealed employers can count on seeing a potentially disruptive effect- while those employees who are at the top of the pay scale will likely be grateful and appreciative (unless they feel that they’re still not being paid enough compared to their coworkers), those at the bottom of the salary food chain can count on being unhappy and confronting their bosses to help remedy the situation. Then, if balance regarding compensation is not reached, it will likely lead to some employees seeking better opportunities elsewhere. Making salary information public can also lead to potential awkwardness and strife among colleagues who sit at opposite ends of the compensation spectrum, which can adversely affect productivity and motivation.It seems clear that although there are some truly good potential reasons for publicly disclosing salary inf ormation, there are some significant potential pitfalls that employers should be on the lookout for when making the decision to do so. Progressive employers who react quickly and decisively to address issues regarding pay inequity will be in the best position to quell any potential disruptions, while those who are slow or late to respond may create some tension among their staff or lose some valuable talent to competitors who are willing to pay your employees what they feel they deserve.Perhaps the best approach for handling the issue of whether or not to publicly disclose salary information is to plan carefully- and proceed with caution.

The hegemonic decline of the United States and the eastward shift in the global capitalist economy The WritePass Journal

The hegemonic decline of the United States and the eastward shift in the global capitalist economy Abstract The hegemonic decline of the United States and the eastward shift in the global capitalist economy : 33) In turn, this will end up hurting the most powerful sovereign nation, which will find it increasingly difficult to maintain military hegemony without the ability to print out as many dollars as it needs. The erosion of political sovereignty as a result of the Great Recession of 2008 and the reaction to it by the ‘Second World’ goes hand in hand with the idea of privatisation of economic power, managed at supranational and extraterritorial level by powerful private concerns (Khanna, 2008: 41). These supranational concerns are in the process of setting up their own regulatory schemes, imposed on individual territorial states, which are finding it increasingly difficult to resist them. My preliminary findings show that the realignment of economic international systems is the main conduit by which harmonisation leading to an hegemonic shift in favour of China will be activated. In addition, there is a definite reaction by what I would call the Shanghai Cooperation Orga nisation bloc (notably China and Russia, but also the likes of India and Iran). The harmonisation process is proceeding apace in the West. This reaction in the Second World is generating its own kind of harmonisation. The political sovereignty of nations could also be further impaired by the conflict that will arise as a result of it. Trying to eliminate the logic of anarchy brings with it the possibility of conflict. As Schmitt put it, the political cannot exist outside the realm of conflict. It is expected that the United States will not let China accumulate the necessary military capabilities in order to establish itself as the new hegemon. Preliminary findings There are several factors which enables us to think that a hegemonic transition is taking place. A massive, imposing display of Chinese-constructed fighter aircraft and other military equipment was used to commemorate the 60th anniversary of communist Chinas founding, on 1 October, 2009. At the same time, Chinas space industry was rapidly burgeoning and continuing to develop. Along with the fact that the Chinese economy continued to expand during a global recession and a rising position on the world political stage, these technological advances indicate Chinas movement towards the status of a world superpower. While the rest of the world struggled in 2009, the Chinese economy exemplified a remarkable flexibility in returning to significant growth. The Chinese government attributes this economic resilience to Chinas blend of communism with capitalism, in contrast to the laissez-faire approach taken by the West (Guthrie, 1999: 122). In early 2009, a migration of millions of workers from urban areas to rural locales resulted from the closure of factories that produced exports on the east coast and south coast of China. The steep price of fuel and food had put pressure on household budgets in 2008, and in order to halt inflation, stringent financial and credit policies were set in place. These policies caused the construction industry to dip, as well as a slump in the property market. In response, the Chinese government created a stimulus package in November 2008 that was worth 4 trillion yuan (about $586 billion). Approximately 50% of the stimulus package was set aside for improving infrastructure, such as railways and airports, primarily in rural regions, while a further 25% was designated for the Sichuan province, which had been severely affected by a May 2008 earthquake and was in need of rebuilding. Banks were ordered to increase lending, and the result was a 164% upsurge of loans in the first three quarters of 2009. This facilitated a rebound of the economy, which occurred far more quickly than in other countries. (Wright, 2010: 221). Additionally, the latter part of the year saw the recovery of exports, which set China up to overtake Germany as the top exporter world-wide. As a result, speculation grew as to whether China could reclaim the dominant position that it once held prior to the early 1800s, at which time it provided roughly one third of manufacturing in the world, compared to just 25% of manufacturing in the West. This outcome was rendered more probably by a trade deal with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations that transpired at the end of the year. As the worlds largest creditor, China had a symbiotic and mutually beneficial relationship with the U.S., the globes biggest debtor, that had become vital in the effort to rebalance the global economy. Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) issued a statement on 23 March 2009 that called for an interna tional currency that would replace the U.S. dollar as the primary global currency and would remain unattached to individual countries; he argued that this currency would have increased stability over time. The Peoples Bank of China also proposed that Special Drawing Rights, which were designed in 1969 by the IMF for utilisation between international institutions and governments, might be employed on a wider scale and used as payment in international finance and trade transactions. This would reduce fluctuations in price and the risks associated with these fluctuations. The initiative was made again at the yearly Group of Eight (G-8) summit that took place in Italy in July 2009. Delegates from China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa (also known as the Group of Five) were also invited to the summit, where China, along with India and Russia (a G-8 member) called for an overhaul of the global financial system and a halt to dollar domination. In the latter part of September 2009, the president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, cautioned that the U.S. dollar faced an increasing threat due to the rising force of both the euro and the Chinese yuan. At this juncture China had surpassed Japan as the main creditor of the U.S.; there were concerns coming from Beijing that the $800.5 billion value of U.S. Treasury securities, along with other assets that constituted 60% of Chinas foreign-exchange reserves and 30% of foreign-exchange reserves globally, would be attenuated by American debt and decreasing confidence in the U.S. dollar. Â  China presented a temporary solution, which was to resist purchasing U.S. Treasury stock and, more significantly, to advocate the utilisation of the yuan as a world currency. (Kim, 2010: 49). Bibliography Arrighi, G., Capitalism and the Modern World-System: Rethinking the Non-debates of the 1970s Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Vol. 21, No. 1 (1998), pp. 113-129 Arrighi, G. The Three Hegemonies of Historical Capitalism, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Volume 13, Number 3 (Summer, 1990), pp. 365-408 Basch, L. et al (1993) Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation-States, Gordon and Breach, London Bobbitt, Philip (2002) The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and the Course of History. New York, Alfred Knopf Bryson, J. Nick, H., Keebie, D. and Martin, R. (1999) The Economic Geography Reader: Producing and Consuming Global Capitalism, Wiley, New York Dilly, R. (1992) Contesting Markets: Analyses of Ideology, Discourse and Practice, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh Fukuyama, F. (1992) The Last Man and the End of History, Free Press. New York Gill, S. (Ed.) (1993)Â  Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Gilpin, R. (1981) War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Guthrie, D. (1999) Dragon in a Three-Piece Suit: The Emergence of Capitalism in China, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ Harvey, D. (2005) The New Imperialism, Oxford University Press, Oxford Holub, R. (1992) Antonio Gramsci: Beyond Marxism and Postmodernism, Routledge, New York Jacques, M. (2009) When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order, Penguin Press, New York Jansson, B. (2001) The Sixteen-Trillion-Dollar Mistake: How the U.S. Bungled Its National Priorities from the New Deal to the Present, Columbia University Press, New York Khanna, P. (2008) The Second World, Penguin Books, London Kim, Yong-Ki, The Rise of G20 and Koreas Response , SERI Quarterly. Volume: 3. Issue: 4 October 2010, pp. 49-66 Kindleberger, C. Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy, International Studies Quarterly 25(2) (1981), pp. 242-54 Mandel, E. (1995) Long Waves of Capitalist Development, Verso, London Marx, K. (1863) The Capital, Volume III, marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/index.htm MCCarthy, G. (1990) Marx and the Ancients: Classical Ethics, Social Justice, and Nineteenth-Century Political Economy, Rowman and Littlefield, Savage, MD Organski, A.F.K. (1969) World Politics, Knopf, New York Suominen, K. (2012) Peerless and Periled: The Paradox of American Leadership in the World Economic Order, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA Wright, T. (2010) Accepting Authoritarianism: State-Society Relations in Chinas Reform Era, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA

Why the operational level labour motivation is low in SkillsFootwear Dissertation

Why the operational level labour motivation is low in SkillsFootwear - Dissertation Example Moreover, according to Lloyd (2005, pp.929 – 943) the firm’s competitive advantage was its skilled labor and workmanship as the products were fully handmade. The organization had a total of 110 employees who reported to their middle level managers who reported to the entrepreneur thus having a comparatively flat organizational hierarchy. The operational level workers were on daily wages, which were the industry average rates. The management however received monthly wages. The Sri Lankan shoe industry has a total of 30 medium scaled and 3000 small-scaled manufacturers. The industry produces a wide range of shoes from canvas, sports and leather shoes and is also exporting finished products to EU and USA. As per a research done by the Development of Board Sri Lanka, the shoe industry witnessed a decline from 2007 onwards but the 2010 witnessed a surge in the export market due to the growth in the local tourist sector. However, the workforce in the industry is n issue. This is because the skill is making shoes completely by hand. But this is a difficult task and most firms have not incorporated technology into the process of production, which is not very lucrative for the workmen. According to Lloyd (2005, pp.929 – 943), this is because their production level is low and the firm cannot deliver larger orders and often cannot meet deadlines. Thus the craftsmen are not given enough bonuses and motivations. This in turn has caused the workers to drift away from the skill and the skill is not being handed over to their children. Moreover, the basic pay scale, recognition in society and the living standards of these workmen are not high which is yet again a de-motivating factor. The skill of these workers is safeguarded neither by the industry people nor by the government and this is a threat to the industry. Adding to this, there is not enough training and technology in the footwear industry especially in the SME sector. 2.2 Motivation The motivatio n level of the workers in the footwear industry of Sri Lanka is generally low. This is because the government and the industry have not given it enough importance, as they do not realize the power of labor. There is underproduction in the industry and it is primarily due to the fact that the labor are not working at full capacity nor are they receiving state of the art training in technological advancements. According to Lloyd (2005, pp.929 – 943), motivation is the essence and the core of management and is an effective tool to make the labor force perform more meaningfully. Motivation is important to produce the drive in a labor to give his 100% when he is working. Without motivation, a worker with the potential to produce 100% may not be able to do so as he doesn’t have the drive to do so. According to Hofstede (2005),

The Most Effective Ways of Writing an Essay in English

The Most Effective Ways of Writing an in English - Essay Example The essay introduction of any paper has to get control of the reader's thoughts. For one to achieve these, stylistic conventions such as proverbs, real or fake interesting incident, surprising information, and curiosity questions are used (page 202). Cottrell (2008) explains that the introduction has three main purposes. A statement describing the idea of the essay is made to establish the scope of the essay from a general to a more specific subtopic. Questions such as why, when, where, why and how to focus on the overall question that is the thesis statement (page 204). Addressing these major question calls for a clear and specific statement made near the end of the introductory paragraph (Greetham, 2008). With this, the introduction will give a picture of the major points yet to be discussed that will possess the reader’s attention. In addition to a good introduction, the body forms the content address to the title (Cottrell, 2008). The discussion is organized and presented in at least three body paragraphs according to the number of topics chosen. â€Å"Each body paragraph forms its main idea† (page192). The body paragraphs have three main sections; the main point, the supporting statements, and the last statement relating to the next paragraph. The main point connects with the central purpose of the essay. For an effective essay, the body paragraph will often start with a topic sentence. The topic sentence forms the summary of the paragraph which reflects on the main statement summarizing the whole essay. Though the topic sentence comes after the body paragraph introduction, the topic sentence may come first (Greetham, 2008). Providing supporting explanations, evidence, and examples make the most interesting part of the body paragraph (page 142).  

My Christian Way of Life Essay Example for Free

My Christian Way of Life Essay I would not start this personal essay by saying that I am a devout Christian and that I love helping people or something to that effect. I am a Christian; however, I am not the devout type. I do not regularly attend church gatherings. I do not really engage in community services or avoid vices. My moral beliefs were first cultivated by my parents’ teaching. They are devout Catholic, so it is reasonable to conclude that Jesus Christ is the most influential philosopher in my life. It is because of Him that I am able to walk through life confidently and accept different challenges. I am against violence and vengeance because He has taught us to forgive. Nevertheless, I still have my own spiritual doubts and questions about life and about being a Christian. I also consider myself as a victim of popular culture who has the tendency to get easily influenced by unreasonable circumstances. I am skeptical most of the time which is why I am convinced that Pepperdine is the most fitting university which can cater my needs for spiritual development. The fact that George Pepperdine did not mean for any of the university’s students to become full-pledged or devout Christians is what attracts me most in the university’s mission. It interest me not because I do not want to become strictly dictated by Christian values but because in this critical point of my life, I believe that I need all the freedom to make my own choices so I can later ponder about them and reflect on my own life. At a young age, a person must be allowed to discover his or her own spirituality by his or her own means. This way, this person can become more experienced and driven to arrive to what he or she believes is the truth about one’s spiritual being. If one would analyze one’s surroundings closely, it is evident that we live in a material world. Everything that our eyes conceive is physically material. On the contrary, I believe that there is much more in this world than earthly things. The world is a puzzle that we need to piece together—a problem that we need to solve. However, it is a problem unsolvable—a problem too complex and beyond comprehension. Yet, we can only see the world as such if we close our eyes from superficiality and open them to greater extents. Simply put, the world is merely an illusion that we have created to fulfill our sight—and the only way to avoid being fully blinded by it is to develop our own spirituality. A person who aspires to accomplish a developed spiritual being must learn how to act in his or her own accord. Religion can be quite pressuring at times, which can even cause a person to lose his way. However, if one is given enough leeway to discover everything on his or her own, this person becomes more responsible in choosing the right path without any feeling of rebellion or being forced. I am confident that through the guidance of a university which values Christianity, I can become more disciplined and responsible in discovering the spiritual aspect of my life. I do not usually attend Sunday church but I honestly have my so-called personal relationship with God. I am more comfortable in talking to Him like a confidant who is always ready and available to listen than repeating prayers everyday. George Pepperdine is right. Maybe I am not fully aware yet of what is the real Christian way of life. Maybe â€Å"personal relationship† with God is not enough to be called a true Christian. Maybe it includes so much more than just a relationship. I guess I am not that confident yet about my own spirituality which is more than just a reason enough for me to become accepted in this university.

Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy :: American America History

Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy are the same in just about every regard. Their views and goals as presidents are the same. Both are in favor of the common man and feel that it is the common people who should have the biggest influence on government, not the wealthy aristocrats. They also support states rights and feel that the federal government should not get involved with the states affairs. Both men's actions clearly show that the common man does not include minorities. Both Jackson's and Jefferson's actions and words are very similar and support the same beliefs. Thomas Jefferson was a strong supporter and spokesman for the common man and self-government. He strongly believed that the purpose of American government is to look after and support the common interests of the people. He was against anything that he felt would hurt the common man such as the Bank of the U.S. and big government. Jefferson believed the Bank was hurting the common man and became a damaging monopoly. "It would swallow up all the delegated powers [of the states], and reduce the whole to one power..."-Jefferson referring to the Bank. He was strongly against big government and felt it would oppress the common man. "I am not a friend of a very energetic government...it places the governors indeed more at their ease, at the expense of the people." Jefferson was also a strong supporter of the Bill of Rights, which protected the rights of the people. "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to..." He felt the Bill of Rights would clearly state and protect people's ri ghts, "freedom of religion, freedom of the press, protection against standing armies, restriction of monopolies, the eternal and unremitting force of the habeas corpus laws, and trial by jury...." It was based on Jefferson's suggestions that Madison proposed a Bill of Rights. Jefferson did everything he could to help the common man. Andrew Jackson was undoubtedly a man of the people. He was the first president to be chosen by the people and his background was not that of a typical president. He was not born into a rich family. Jackson's favored the general public rather than the wealthy. His election shifted the balance of power from the wealthy East Coast, to farmers and small businesspeople in the west. Jackson vetoed more bills than all previous presidents did in an attempt to help the common man.

African-American Civil Right Movement

The African-American Civil Rights Movement During the frail moments in history there are times to be seen as a great movement. One of those moments in the history of America was the African-American Civil Rights Movement. This movement came by storm with different views on how civil rights should be fought. With the extremism of Malcolm X or the prolific voice of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. There were key court cases Brown v. Board of Education and the world wide known Rosa Parks. This action by African-Americans to fight for equality was a battle which they had to endure.However, the African-American people would be able to succeed in the goals which they set. One of the greatest social movements within the United States was the African-American Civil Rights Movement. This movement wanted to rid or outlaw racial discrimination against African-Americans. The movement had a major campaign of civil resistance which were acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience that would create a disturbance to federal, state, and local governments. The segregation between â€Å"White† and â€Å"Colored† was the main cause for these protests. The segregation was nonsense.With separate drinking fountains, restrooms, and other miniscule areas the segregation between whites and coloreds kept the rift between these two races. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is known for his heroic speeches that describe that to thrive as a nation, a nation must be united. With his superior charismatic skills he was able to grab the attention of the nation. His most famous speech which is known by most as â€Å"I have a dream† speech was the high point of the 1963 March on Washington. Another leader during the African-American Civil Right Movement was Malcolm X.Though many peers viewed him as a advocate that charged racial issue, he undoubtedly brought the attention of racial injustice. An example of his actions was a New York Police beating on Johnston Hinton. Malcolm X went t o the police station to see Mr. Hinton and was denied. Malcolm then created a crowd of protesters and with the growing numbers of his peers the police station then allowed him to see Hilton. It was protests like these which lead the charge to equality throughout the nation. But there were also key law suits and court cases that would make justice history.During a movement there has to be examples to which are known, and can be used to show either the highest achievements of the movement or show how the old justice system is broke. It was the series of court cases known as Brown v. Board of Education. This case was brought to the attention of the court system to allow the education of Black and White Children. The lawyers of the NAACP stated that segregation of the school were unconstitutional and did not promote democracy. With this on May 18, 1954 Greensboro was the first city in the South to execute the ruling of the U.S. Supremes Court’s Brown v. Board of Education. This h ad a positive effect for the movement forward to equality. Another famous court case was the Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Due to her actions taken on December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was dubbed â€Å"the mother of the Civil Rights Movement†. Rosa Parks refuse to leave her seat on a public bus to leave room for a white passenger. She was arrested, tried, and convicted for her actions that day. However, due to this incident 50 African-American leaders organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott.With the support of approximately 50,000 African Americans in the Montgomery area, the boycott lasted for 381 days. The results of this boycott lead to the local segregating of African-American and Whites to be lifted. With the mass amount of boycotters the revenue for the bus decreased 80% until a federal court ordered the Montgomery’s bus service to desegregate in November. Other legislative achievements during this movement were the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Ac t of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.With the African-American Civil Rights Movement being a concrete example of the determination of making a nation move forward to a more acceptable place, it was due to these key people which stood up a led a group whom wanted the same privileges as those whom already had. A movement with such importance must be taught and understood. During any movement in history there will always be those who emerge as leaders, sometimes those want to be a leader and some of those who are leaders unintentionally and lead by peaceful actions.These movement leaders: Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made history which will be concreted into the books of history and will be forever known as leaders in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. End Notes 1. Henretta, J. A, Brody, D. , America a Concise  History, Volume 1, Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedfords/St. Martin’s, 2012. 2. Bruce, Perry, The Last Speeches, (New York: Pathfind er, 1998) 978-0-87348-543-2 (accessed October 8, 2012), 165. 3. Klarman, Michael J. ,Brown v.Board of Education and the civil rights movement: abridged edition of From Jim Crow to civil rights  : the Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality, Oxford  ; New York  : Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 55 4. Chafe, William Henry, Civilities and civil rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black struggle for freedom, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980) 0-19-502625-X (Accessed October 8, 2012), 81. Bibliography Henretta, J. A, Brody, D. , America a Concise  History, Volume 1, Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedfords/St. Martin’s, 2012. Perry, Bruce. The Last Speeches. New York: Pathfinder, 1989. 78-0-87348-543-2 (accessed October 8, 2012). Klarman, Michael J. ,Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights movement: abridged edition of From Jim Crow to civil rights  : the Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality, Oxford  ; New York  : Oxford Uni versity Press, 2007 Chafe, William Henry (1980). Civilities and civil rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black struggle for freedom. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-19-502625-X. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. J. A. Henretta, and D. Brody, America a Concise History, (Boston: Bedfords/St.Martin's, 2012), 828. [ 2 ]. Bruce Perry, The Last Speeches, (New York: Pathfinder, 1989)978-0-87348-543-2 (accessed October 8, 2012), 165. [ 3 ]. Klarman, Michael J. ,Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights movement: abridged edition of From Jim Crow to civil rights  : the Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality, Oxford  ; New York  : Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 55 [ 4 ]. Chafe, William Henry (1980). Civilities and civil rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black struggle for freedom. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-19-50262 5-X.

The Disputations Preacher

Known by the name, Girolamo Savonarola, he was born in 1452 Italy, however, different sources give varied accounts of his native town, some say it is Ferrara while others say it is in Occhiobello, which is 7 km from Ferrara. A man whose life was controversial, dramatic as well as tragic. Savonarola left a mark as a man who cared nothing for dictatorial protocol and official pretense. At Ferrara University, he took his undergraduate studies in Arts. He initially portrayed his feeling on morally corruption among the clergy, at the age of twenty, when he took them head on in his poem titled De Ruina Mundi (on the fall of the world). hich bespoke the destruction of the world. Hot on its heels came another poem in 1475 named, De Ruina Ecclesiae (on the downfall of the church). It is here that he portrayed his contempt of the Roman curia by defining it as ‘a false whore'. Savonarola went on to join the Dominican congregation in the year 1475, where he entered the San Domenico convent at Bologna. This coincided with the Italian Renaissance . Savonarola immersed himself in his studies with zeal, this saw him transfer to the Convent of Santa Maria Degli Angeli in 1479. In 1482 he was deployed by the oder to what came later to be known as, the city of his destiny- Florence. People bemoaned his ungainly character and poor oratory skills. The impression he made of himself on the people of Florence was so dismal that, they never noticed his eventual departure in1487. This took him back to Bologna, where he went on to become the master of studies. Savonarola went on to preach on prophesies he had, such as the occupation of Florence by the French. He went on to become more, outspoken and took a hard stance that sometimes ended making him some kind of a misfit among the people. He believed in the classification of issues and actions in only two categories: the good and the bad. Savonarola, was later to fall into bad books with the orders of the catholic church. This led to he excommunication by the pope ,who was later to authorize his arrest. All this was later followed his arrest, torture, prosecution and eventual execution,on grounds of heresy sedition and for proclaiming prophetic statements. His execution took place in 1498 where he was burnt at the stake alongside his two ardent disciples. It is important to note that Savonarola remained defiant onto death. This is attested to by the fact that even though he wrote a confession, he followed it with a meditation, where he pleaded with God to forgive him for pleading to sins he did not commit. Different schools of thought view Savonarola differently, however all agree that Savonarola is one big disputation theme for all and sundry. Savonarola's thinking later on came to be known as not only a way of thought but also a guiding light for both conservatism thinkers and reformists. cholars have look at the Savonarola way of thought, as a linchpin for serous revolutionary discourse as well as a reason for serous research and study into the history of disputation theory. Either way it is looked at, the Savonarola way of thought can serve any of the above purposes depending on the interest of the one examining it. (Polizzotto, 1995) describes how followers of Savonarola had influence that permeated every facet of Florentine life . This was during the important happenings that saw the transition of the city on from republic to principate. In his words, their ideology and activities offer the key to demystifying both the political happenings of the latter years of the Florentine Republic, as well as the nature of contemporary political debate. It also gives an insight into the characteristics of the merging Medicean Principate. DISPUTATION This was a preaching method commonly utilized by the Dominicans. It employed a system of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. It was manly distinguishable from methods by its clashing of ideas. This was the academic background from which Savonarola emanated. (Hazel,n. d. p. -17) puts it ‘like his Dominican contemporaries, the young Savonarola was trained in the disputation method, and it has a marked influence on his style of preaching'. In examining the Rhetorical influences that surrounded Savonarola in his formative days, we can form a good idea of the facets of a good renaissance discourse. For Savonarola the summon was the most effective tool of bringing about moral reform. H is tendency to rely on the summon for moral reform can be attributed to the fact that he was a Dominican. Dominicans have gone down in history as strong believes in rhetoric and disputation Savonarola though came to believe in his oratory skill almost by pure accident He initially experimented with rhetoric, to very successful results much to his own consternation. (Hazel, n. d, p. 4-17) one incident confirmed his power to him. While traveling the seas on a boat, he noticed a bunch of soldiers gambling using dice and cards. He so furiously denounced this activity with such bitterness that they stooped the gambling, much to his own surprise. This vitriolic manner would be the benchmark of his future preaching. Savonarola derived most of his rhetoric effectiveness from the fact that he was perceived as a prophet by many. He was more of what could today be regarded as a doom sayer. His passionate way of preaching eventually earned him very ardent supporters, who later came to play a very pivotal role in determining the success of his campaigns. Savonarola followers were compelled to develop a way by which to survive the turbulent times and be able to carry on their campaign of trying to fight what they believed to be moral decadence. SAVONAROLA AS AN EXAMPLE OF RESISTANCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS. Savonarola came into the picture in the immediate post renaissance period. his was a time marked by reduced enforcement of the doctrines. It was a period of widespread immorality and more so, among the proletariat. The church orders were also not spared the widespread liberalism in the church at the time. The church was going through a period when it had relaxed its stand on the usage of disguises, jewelery and other such adornments. He got a huge following of a group that he ca lled the weepers. This group went through the city, raiding houses for paintings, jewelry, mirrors, combs and all that they considered unbecoming of good followers of the religion. The passion with which he defended his views was infectious and convincing enough to earn hims the attention of the masses. He further utilized his rhetoric to have people convinced that whatever he was speaking was bound to happen. since the first instance when he convinced the soldiers of the illegitimacy and the immorality of the act they were engaging in, he got convinced of the ability to sway peoples thoughts. The benchmark of the rhetoric of Savonarola is the ability to draw parallelism, between the acts people are engaged in, and prophecies or documentation, or practices of hither. During his mission to return the people into the accepted practices, or the practices he viewed as acceptable, he had to use rhetoric effectively. Rhetoric served as such a powerful and effective too since as it is stated that it went a long way into attracting meaningful attention. Savonarola viewed the pope as a big failure in allowing the insurgence of renaissance. This was the foundation of his thinking that the pope, was a major hurdle in his efforts to marshal people, back to the accepted and traditionally practiced doctrines. Kreis, 2000) Savonarola viewed himself as an instrument of God, and and did not believe in anything deterring him– not even Lorenzo the Magnificent, could stand in his way. He envisioned the reconstruction Florence as a â€Å"respublica Christiana,† a Christian republic, a republic in where allegiance was to the true sovereign God and God alone. This resentment to the establishment was particularly informed by the fact that, Pope Alexander I V had two illegitimate children, which were an obvious testimony of his wayward behavior. All the sane this was not the only informing idea behind Savonarola's vehemence. The commitment of the Pope to renaissance gave him a curious mix of both the earthly and the religious. To the conservatism this was a clear and sure show of moral rot and if condoned was bound to bring doom to all and sundry. The biggest challenge that was facing the conservative was in trying to turn people around to their way of thinking, and to fuel sufficient phobia of doom in the people. This activity was also faced by another challenged in that, the church and the ruling powers of the society were so much intertwined. Therefore for the conservatives to effectively combat the newly adapted and overwhelmingly accepted way of life, they had to wage a battle and sustain in long enough to sway a good following. Both the religious (Pope) and the social (Medici) authorities therefore fell in the bad books of the conservatives. The question of the most effective method of achieving this was then the only answer he had to seek out. Here rhetoric through preaching became the way out and as (Hazel,n. d p. 4-17) puts it Savonarola was opposed to both the Medici and the Pope. He used his rhetoric though preaching to stir up resentment to both the Medici and the Pope. The two were a very then powerful ruling coalition. The question that is likely to arise is: how was this possible?. Savonarola painted such a grim picture of the impeding damnation and the inferno of hell. He used his rhetoric so effectively that he painted a picture, grim enough to sway even the staunchest of souls. However for the Medici he was to be viewed with suspicion as a man preaching the return to the morality of the medieval times that they were trying to move people from. This unprecedented opposition of the ruling coalition earned him many supporters In contemporary organizations these days, rhetoric can be a very effective in resisting change. However there are some very basic requirements that must be met in remaining true to the Savonarola example. First and most important, the originators and the propagators of the rhetoric must be fully convinced of the philosophies that inform their rhetoric. This is attested top by the Savonarola example, in that, in as much as there was very stiff opposition to his stance in issues of morality and the tenets of religious beliefs, he stood his ground. This is despite the fact, that he was fighting what could be correctly termed as, a David versus Goliath battle against the powerful ruling coalition, comprising of the Medici and the Pope. The perpetrators of modern day rhetoric who desire to attain any meaningful success in fighting changes in institutional structures also ought to stand their ground. They also ought to be fully aware of the exact parameters within which their arguments and their expectations lie. This is shown in Savonarola's depiction of authority as put in the words of ( Hazel,n. Savonarola draws parallelism between the sinners of those days and the merchants who Jesus whipped while they were trading in the temple. In as much as the traders had permission from the Jewish leadership, Jesus on his side was heeding a higher decree from the father. Savonarola therefore advises his followers to act like Jesus and defy the regulations from the rulers since they do not augur well with the biblical teachings. The convic tion with which you defend you arguments is perhaps defined by the manner in which Savonarola defended his. Savonarola is known to have defended his stand all the way to grave, this is evident in the way he wrote down meditations to the effect that, he prayed to God for forgiveness. He sought forgiveness for confessing to sins he felt he wasn't guilty of. The disputations of Savonarola are very vital in highlighting the effectiveness of rhetoric which is backed by conviction. The passion that is a key requirement especially in such contradictory situations plays a key role in the swaying of the peoples way of thinking. Many are the times, when very passionate public, speakers who are actually trying to sell ideas, that could otherwise have been viewed as vague, have been accepted instead of their more informed yet less passionate counterparts. A good example of passionate public rhetorician is one catholic priest by the name of Charles Coughlin of the 1930. He spoke co passionately about the occurrences of the time on public radio that he gained a very wide public audience. This is not withstanding the fact that he was talking about the normal happenings. It is however important to note that he used to approach these arguments with passion and controversy. The rhetoric however is always effective if ,and only if it is directed. This was a real highpoint of Savonarola. He directed the gall of his rhetoric towards the failing of the ruling elite and the church leadership. The modern times rhetorics especially those opposed to institutional changes normally make informed attacks of specific institutions, people, or activities in trying to give ground to their rhetoric. This has been demonstrated in most cases in instances when the perpetrators of rhetoric have painted grim pictures of doom in the peoples minds, if the organizations do not remain the way they are. However this directed criticism has to be informed by facts that cannot be easily disputed. This was the case in the instance when the followers of Savonarola knew for a fact that the deeds they were fighting against were realities that could not be contested. The other key reason for any rhetoric to be effective is its being backed by action. In any resistance to organizational changes. Actions can always play a key role in swaying people into thinking your way. This is actually a very vital display of conviction and commitment to the cause. In as much as power of rhetoric delivery is likely to earn one good following, resistance to institutional change is actually a major challenge. Savonarola backed his rhetoric with radical actions and these were both bold and rampant. The adherents of his rhetoric alongside him, attacked all that they thought represented the rot in the church. They also attacked and burned all that was associated with the laxity that came with the renaissance, This was the hallmark and the culmination of his disputation rhetoric. Groups of youths that were drawing inspiration from him roamed the city in vigilante groups, they collected all that was associated with the demeaning change and burnt them at what later came to be called the fire of vanity. This eventually convinced the people that the disputationist had a case, they therefore swayed their stand and started following him in larger numbers. However it is of importance to note that, any action taken in the efforts to resist the advent of change should be taken with a lot of moderation. This is due to the fact that the extreme tends to shock people into resting the efforts directed at resisting the change. This can be justified by the case of what eventually happened to Savonarola. The activities of people being held at ransom by marauding youths led to resentment amongst the people. This was also due to the fact that the people felt that they were denied the pleasures of the changing times. The other failure was due to lack of moderation in public displays of allegiance to the French. Savonarola sided with the French in their occupation of the city of Florence, this landed him inn bad books with the populace. It is therefore of essence that in passion in resisting organizational change ought to be metered and moderated. In modern times leaders who try to resist change using rhetoric should be guided by the principle of moderation and public acceptability of pronouncements and deeds. This can enhance a steady yet acceptable and successful resistance. The people following Savonarola also required to have regulations, this was however a major failing of the Friar which eventually was instrumental in occasioning his downfall. THE DISPUTATION PREACHER AS A CATALYST FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. Savonarola has widely been depicted as big resistance and a conservatist. He was known for resisting the changes that the proletariat were introducing into the thinking of the people and the church. Much as all this is true, he can as well be observed as a person who played a pivotal role in awakening peoples thinking and perception of hierarchy and stipulations. Savonarola came into the picture during a time when the Pope and the Medici had such a cordial and strong relationship. It was during the time when a decree from the pope was treated as law. Great lessons on effective change can be learnt from the preacher. First he openly opposed the moral rot in the religious orders at that time. The eventual reformation that took place in the orders of the church, that eventually led to the protestant movement, were not a mere accident. We can not also, exclusively say that they, emanated from the Ninety five theses that were authored Martin Luther. They started all the way with the public denunciation of the proletariat by Savonarola. It ought not to escape our attention that such deeds as these call for guts and conviction. Therefore Savonarola was key in starting the reformists thinking that saw major changes in the church. Similarly the contemporary leaders of the day could borrow a leaf from the stance of Savonarola and stand their ground in the face of such daunting tasks. This can point people in the right direction if the strong and vitriolic rhetoric is to be used effectively. If such tactics are used then much can possibly be accomplished. his will all be a catalytic role since just like Savonarola accomplices will be essential for the wider goal to be achieved. The use of rhetoric to instigate social change also ought to be well informed and guided by the need for general good of the involved society. It is in this respect that Savonarola was able to obtain a good following. In the first instance, he painted a very gr im picture of the realities facing the people. Painted a very dull picture of what awaited the people in in future. With this clearly understood, he prodded people into following him into a revolution that was to same people from the inevitable eternal damnation. People followed his advice since they felt that by so doing they could evade the oncoming apocalypse. It is in this light that, the contemporary leaders in the current day organizations, ought to inform people of the doom awaiting them in the future if the present is not well dispensed with. They need to match the rhetoric so stated with words leads the people to revitalize and energize their need to do good. The driving force behind this need to do good is the underlying fact that the good is like a boomerang. The thinking and speech of Savonarola was clearly against the grain and the activities of the time. He brought to the fore the failings of a papacy which very many revered till then. True to form, the contemporary leaders of these days are supposed to give room for fresh, radical and new ways of thought. This can be a vital way of energizing peoples thoughts. not all that is radical or new is bad. this was clearly shown in Savonarola's time. In as much as Savonarola fell into bad books and was eventually hanged, he was right in several claims. For example he argued that the Vatican had turned into a den of prostitution, this was right due to the fact that the pope was outright promiscuous. Therefore people ought to be allowed free reign of thought and encouraged into offering new ideas. Rhetoric is good tool of encouraging and enhancing involvement of the masses into peoples activity. This is shown in how effectively Savonarola was able to cajole the people of Florence into feeling a s part of his vision. (Hazel, n. d) he reverts to his analogy of Christ driving money changers out of the temple with ropes. He sees his tongue as the major ropes and then asks people to be the other smaller ropes with which to drive out the church officials. In this way he manges to fit the people into the picture. hey now feel like they are part of the battle against the moral rot. They therefore are given the feeling that they have a role to play in driving the agenda forward. The contemporary organization leaders these days ought to adopt the same attitude, if their rhetoric is going to be effective. There is need to orient people into feeling that they belong to the wider picture. The ability to integrate the people in the people into the picture helps in creating a progressive force . The ability to have people working in tandem for a common goal as well helps in increasing the peoples resolve to do things together and do them well. The protests that Savonarola mounted were three pronged, they addressed the three major issues of the society. He addressed the love for splendor and money, hence the economy. He addressed the prophetic revelations he had, hence religion. Finally he addressed the failure of the Medici hence he addressed the political administration. Therefore for any modern rhetoric to be effective, if Savonarola is to be used as a benchmark, the modern leaders ought to address and effectively so, the above three major issues. The effective handling of these three makes a wholesome and effective approach in any Rhetoric. CONCLUSION Modern users of rhetoric ought to put in mind and effectively integrate the Savonarola approach. this is a sure way of ensuring efficiency. little has been said about the good that was raised by the rhetoric of Savonarola, however a lot can be learnt from his approach. His approach was very much in line with the accepted and very much utilized approaches to rhetoric. In modern times the approach to the rhetoric always uses the same reasoning as the guiding light. Effective address of the issues at hand ought to be a key consideration in the delivery of rhetoric. Zeal and passion are also key in the delivery. The interplay between such delivery and well planned out actions increases the effectiveness. Disputation also serves as a good way of engaging the thinking of all and sundry. Disputation though tends to be more of and elitist approach which can be a major impediment to the engagement of masses in a discourse. However it is more effective since it is more mind engaging and provokes more insightful thinking. Many a times different people have used rhetoric effectively. This has always produced wide mass following and public acclaim. The key lies in following Savonarola's example, and like he did, appealing to the emotions. Rhetoric and disputation world over have been very effective in instigating radical changes to any systems that are publicly accepted and acclaimed. For one to effectively utilize the same, it is essential to familiarize with the users of yesteryears and know how effectively they did so. To say that Savonarola was simply effectively with his rhetoric would be an understatement.

Order Up! Professor Ramos Blog

Order Up! Gracen Slover ENGL 101 26 June 2019 Order Up! For many months now Ive been working at American Road Trip Bar Grill. When I first got the job I worked as a hostess, until I began to want to move up and help out more in the kitchen. I worked my butt off and tried to do my absolute best and improve everyday. I hoped that a manager would notice how hard I worked, and it paid off. After about 6 months I was promoted to food running and to a to-go specialist when the position was needed. It was difficult starting off, but in the end it all worked out great. I was trained to be a food runner a few months ago by a co-worker at the time, McKenzie. We were friends before my training because I had been working there for many months prior. Since she was only a couple years older than me, we became good friends working together. Mckenzie was the food runner before me, but quit in order to work as a babysitter instead. She was very sweet, quiet, and soft-spoken, but as soon as she felt comfortable, she could talk to you for hours. Her features were very kind and gave off a gentle vibe, like she was never thinking anything negative; she always looked really happy. Any time I would get stressed out or overwhelmed throughout training, it was easy and natural for her to calm me down and make me feel comfortable. McKenzie always cared about others and every shift made sure to ask how others and I were doing. During three days of training, I learned everything I needed to know to run food to customers and keep the kitchen line running smoothly. On my first day, I was given an apron to wear since I was a hostess before and did not have one. She told me food runners needed an apron in order to hold things like paper and pen, our clock-in card, and your phone and keys if you wanted. Which I thought was cool since I had to keep my phone in a cubby in the host stand and wasn’t allowed to ever use it. She also explained how food runners sometimes take drink orders if it’s busy and a server needs us to. I even learned that we sometimes deal with to-go orders including, taking orders and putting them into the computer for the kitchen to see. Next, McKenzie showed me around the kitchen; introducing me to the cooks and dishwashers. After meeting the kitchen staff, I was shown where everything was so that I wouldnt have to ask too many questions when I began working in the position by myself. She showed me what everything was on the salad bar and where to find the fresh batches of everything, for when I needed to restock. Next, she showed me all the supplies that’s on the kitchen line and where all the plates and baskets were that we put food on. Throughout the whole training process I didn’t have very many questions, I just made sure to listen to everything she said and pay close attention. While learning everything I needed to know, I became stressed out and worried that I wouldnt be able to remember everything and that Id fail at food running. I expressed my feelings to McKenzie and she told me, â€Å"You’ll be fine! You’ll quickly catch on, don’t worry.† She also made sure to help me understand that it was only the first day of training and that I could and should take my time learning. I tend to tell myself that I wont be good at something when i first start learning. I like to doubt myself, but she helped me realiz e that everyone is bad at something until they learn how. During my second and third day of training, McKenzie wanted to focus on how to take the food from the window, where the cooks place the dishes, and put any sides or sauces on them before taking them out to customers. She also wanted to teach me how to take out multiple plates at a time. She had me watch her add sides to a few plates, and then had me try it myself. Surprising to me, I did a pretty good job and was fast at it too. Next, I watched her take out plates to one table, following close behind and watching her every move. I listened to how she spoke to the customers and made sure to try and copy how she did everything. She walked up to the table saying, â€Å"Hi you guys, I have a turkey club with not tomato and tater tots.† She talked to them with a kind and energetic voice, and was patient while waiting for each person to claim their plate before setting it in front of them and calling out the next one. She made sure to ask them if they needed anything else before wa lking me back to the kitchen and asking if I had any questions. I told her no and so now it was my turn to take plates out on my own. I tried to do exactly what she did and was successful the first few times. For the fourth time. McKenzie told me to bring out three plates at once, which was not the easy two plates I had been doing. I was very skeptical at first, thinking I wasnt going to be able to hold three plates with two hands. But, she showed me how to place one plate on my forearm and then hold the other two plates with your hands. So I tried balancing the plate on my arm, with her help of placing it. It felt wobbly, but I still went for it. With her standing behind me, I stared at the plate while trying to walk very carefully so I didnt drop it. All of a sudden, I see the plate starts to tilt and as if it was in slow motion, it fell while taking the other plate in that hand with it. I was automatically so discouraged and said â€Å"Shit!†, under my breath. I was really angry at myself because I truly thought I could do it so I was disappointed in myself. Right away, McKenzie helped me pick everything up and told me it was okay and not to feel bad because it happens to everyone. We walked back into the kitchen and I began to tear up since I was so frustrated that I made such a big mistake, in my eyes. She told me â€Å"Everyone does it every once in a while, it’s not that big of a deal.† To fix my mistake, she taught me how to re-order the meals that I dropped on a rush, so that the customers could get their food at a reasonable time. After my last day of training, it was now time for me to go to work as a food runner by myself. I was really nervous to work with people who I wasnt close to. But, I quickly realized how nice everyone was and how comfortable they all made me feel. On my first day, I learned a lot more since I was working by myself and made some mistakes but learned from them. I personally think being thrown into the job by yourself is when you learn the most because you’re doing everything alone and have to ask questions yourself if you don’t know or forget something. It may be nerve racking, and it definitely was for me, but its a great learning experience because practice makes perfect. I’m glad that a friend of mine was the person to train me to be a food runner. I’m grateful for McKenzie and all she had to tell me. I wouldn’t be the food runner I have become without her help from the start. McKenzie was so sweet and patient with me and was such a great trainer. She made me realize that everyone is bad at everything until they take the time to learn it. She also reminded to not to be so hard on myself and to remember it’s okay to make mistakes. I still use her advice to prepare the sides when you aren’t doing anything in order to stay ahead. Now, I would brag that Im a pretty good food runner and enjoy my job a lot. All thanks to patience and McKenzie.

Cobweb Spiders, Family Theridiidae

Cobweb Spiders, Family Theridiidae From the harmless house spiders to the venomous widows, the family Theridiidae includes a large and diverse group of arachnids. Chances are theres a cobweb spider somewhere in your house right now. Description: Spiders of the family Theridiidae are also called comb-foot spiders. Theridiids have a row of setae, or bristles, on their fourth pair of legs. The setae help the spider wrap its silk around captured prey. Cobweb spiders are sexually dimorphic in size; females are larger than males. Female cobweb spiders have spherical abdomens and long, slender legs. Some species practice sexual cannibalism, with the female eating the male after mating. The black widow gets its name from this practice. Cobweb spiders build irregular, 3-dimensional webs of sticky silk. Not all spiders within this group build webs, however. Some cobweb spiders live in social communities, with spiderlings and adult females sharing the web. Others practice kleptoparasitism, stealing prey from other spiders webs. Classification: Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily – Theridiidae Diet: Cobweb spiders feed on insects, and occasionally other spiders. When an insect becomes ensnared in the sticky strands of the web, the spider quickly injects it with venom and wraps it tightly in silk. The meal can then be consumed at the spiders leisure. Life Cycle: Male cobweb spiders roam in search of mates. In many species, the male uses a stridulatory organ to signal his interest in females. Though some Theridiid males do get eaten after mating, most survive to find another mate. The female cobweb spider wraps her eggs in a silk case and attaches it to a point near her web. She guards the egg sac until the spiderlings hatch. Special Adaptations and Defenses: With dozens of genera in the Theridiidae family, adaptations and defenses are as diverse as the cobweb spiders. Argyrodes spiders, for example, live along the edges of other spiders webs, dashing in to grab a meal when the resident spider isnt around. Some Theridiids mimic ants, either to trick potential ant prey or to fool possible predators. Range and Distribution: Cobweb spiders live throughout the world, with more than 2200 species described to date. Well over 200 Theridiid species live in North America.

The Issue of Police Misconduct Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Issue of Police Misconduct - Term Paper Example Incidents such as these clearly show that misconduct is a far-reaching problem, affecting police departments at every level of operation (Ivkovic, 2003). In fact, it is a problem that has existed since at least the beginning of the 20th century, when the first attempts were made to combat it on a professional level (O'Shea and Nichols, 2003). What, exactly, can be considered police misconduct It is basically any behavior on the part of a police officer that is illegal, an obvious misuse of authority, or an effort to gain some type of material reward. Acts of misconduct generally fall within two categories: physical/emotional abuse (as described in the cases above), and the more widely studied issue of corruption. Why is police misconduct seen as being so terrible It is because they are the ones who solve our problems for us and put the bad guys away. They are not supposed to be the bad guys themselves. However, it is almost understandable that police would fall prey to these types of actions since their jobs constantly place them in situations where they are with "bad guys" every day, and there are obviously some opportunities for great temptation to occur (Johnson and Cox, 2004-5). Some of the most common ways to assess corruption are through interviews, surveys, and observation (Ivkovic, 2003). Each of these methods has severe limitations and cannot be used by itself. However, when two or more of these methods are used together, there is a much better chance of getting a reliable assessment of corruption (Ivkovic, 2003). It is important to learn how to best measure police corruption, and the severity of it, in order to know how to best treat the problem.Louise Westmarland (2005) used a survey to ask British police officers questions about how they viewed police corruption, unethical behavior, and breaking the rules on occasion. Certain actions, like gaining materially from the position, were seen to be much more serious than others, like excessive physical violence or lying to protect colleagues (Westmarland, 2005).  

Shitaos Drunk in Autumn Woods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shitaos Drunk in Autumn Woods - Essay Example Concurrently, trees at the center of the painting are denser in darker hues of gray and black. These trees have shades of orange and rust in their leaves. It is at this focal point where viewers get the chance to observe that there are people (friends) in three sets of settings amidst the conglomerate of autumn trees. At the left and middle portions, there are two sets of friends in groups of three which could be interpreted as drinking and sharing stories. They are seated on the grass and garbed in traditional Chinese robes. In addition, also at the mid-section, there are also friends seen to be walking where two friends are side by side and one is situated at the back just beneath a tall tree. Likewise, at the right side, on the banks of a river and sitting on a small boat is another person. These friends could be analyzed as on their way to a destination beyond the small bridge. In addition, just perpendicular to the bridge, two friends on horseback are seen riding. Finally, at the left lower portion of the painting, there are people seated on the porch of a house, apparently waiting. More trees are shown in the lower portion of the painting sharing similar shades of gray some with orange leaves. The painting could be interpreted as a venue where friends share memorable moments through sharing stories and a drink under the autumn trees. Other people are travellers on a journey who seem to enjoy the peaceful atmosphere of the environment. The positioning of images in strategically selected positions.